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Guide to TWAICE KPIs

Browse all TWAICE-calculated KPIs available on the platform, with a summary overview and a detailed description of each one.

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The table below describes all the available, TWAICE-calculated KPIs which can be accessed through the TWAICE Energy Analytics platform, including delivered in which platform feature (e.g. Reports, Performance Manager) and required sensors to calculate that KPI.

All of these KPIs are based on raw data coming from the BESS and leverage TWAICE raw data pre-processing and KPI-specific algorithms and models developed by TWAICE internally.

These KPIs are by standard daily aggregations. Daily KPIs are defines as: daily from 00:00:00UTC until 23:59:59.99UTC

Summary Outlook:

Detailed List:

KPI Name / Unit Level Description Platform Feature Required Input Sensor
SoH - ref. Installed DC Energy SoH [%] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) System & String State of Health using installed DC Energy as a reference. Installed DC Energy is using a bottom up approach from the cell up to define the total installed energy. On system level, aggregated state of health across all strings, calculated from individual string SoH values Warranty Reports Performance - Recoverable Energy Health Data Explorer String Current String Voltage String Temperature String Min Cell Voltage String Max Cell Voltage
SoH - ref. Equipment DC Energy SoH [%] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) System & String State of Health using Equipment DC Energy as a reference. Equipment DC Energy is defined during the TWAICE onboarding process for the system. For the string level, the system Equipment DC Energy is divided by the number of strings. On system level, aggregated state of health across all strings, calculated from individual string SoH values Warranty Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage String Temperature String Min Cell Voltage String Max Cell Voltage
SoH - Energy-based SoH [MWh / kWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) System & String State of Health focusing on the still usable energy and displaying the amount of energy directly. On system level, aggregated state of health across all strings, calculated from individual string SoH values Health Warranty Reports String Current String Voltage String Temperature String Min Cell Voltage String Max Cell Voltage
DC Resistance Resistance [Ω] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String DC resistance of a full string, which may be influenced by cable connections or faults in components like cells. Health Safety Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage String Temperature
DC Resistance Confidence Interval Upper Bound Resistance [Ω] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Upper bound of the confidence interval for string DC resistance. Health Data Explorer String Current String Voltage String Temperature
DC Resistance Confidence Interval Lower Bound Resistance [Ω] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Lower bound of the confidence interval for string DC resistance. Health Data Explorer String Current String Voltage String Temperature
SoC SoC [%] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String State of charge of an individual string, calculated using voltage, current, and temperature inputs and based on the TWAICE SoC model. Performance - Imbalance Health Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage String Temperature String Min Cell Voltage String Max Cell Voltage
Cell SoC Max SoC [%] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Maximum SoC in a string, derived from the maximum cell voltage within the string and based on the TWAICE SoC model. Performance - Imbalance Data Explorer String Current String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Temperature
Cell SoC Min SoC [%] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Minimum SoC in a string, derived from the minimum cell voltage within the string and based on the TWAICE SoC model. Performance - Imbalance Data Explorer String Current String Min Cell Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Temperature
Cell SoC Spread SoC [%] Available when data connection established String Difference between max and min SoC in a string, indicating internal imbalances. Performance - Imbalance Data Explorer Reports String Current String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Temperature
Self-Discharge Voltage [V] Available when data connection established String Classification if the min cell voltage of a cell within a string is drifting away Safety String Min Cell Voltage
Energy Throughput charge (daily/ cumulative) Energy [Wh] Available when data connection established String Total charged energy throughput per string, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage
Energy Throughput discharge (daily/ cumulative) Energy [Wh] Available when data connection established String Total discharged energy throughput per string, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage
Energy Throughput net (daily/ cumulative) Energy [Wh] Available when data connection established String Net energy throughput (charge minus discharge) of a string, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current String Voltage
Energy Throughput absolute (daily/ cumulative) Energy [Wh] Available when data connection established String Absolute energy throughput of a string, summing all energy flows regardless of direction. Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage
Capacity Throughput charge (daily/ cumulative) Charge [Ah] Available when data connection established String Total charged capacity throughput in Ah for a string, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current
Capacity Throughput discharge (daily/ cumulative) Charge [Ah] Available when data connection established String Total discharged capacity throughput in Ah for a string, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current
Capacity Throughput net (daily/ cumulative) Charge [Ah] Available when data connection established String Net capacity throughput in Ah for a string (charge minus discharge), tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current
Capacity Throughput absolute (daily/ cumulative) Charge [Ah] Available when data connection established String Sum of all charge and discharge capacity throughputs for a string in Ah, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current
Equivalent Full Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Number of full equivalent charge/discharge cycles per string (0% to 100% and back), tracked daily and cumulatively. Health Warranty Data Explorer String Current
Equivalent Full Charge Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Full charge cycles per string, calculated from 0% to 100% SoC transitions, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current
Equivalent Full Discharge Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Full discharge cycles per string, calculated from 100% to 0% SoC transitions, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current
Equivalent Energy Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Equivalent full energy cycles based on energy throughput (Wh) from 0% to 100% SoC and back, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current String Voltage
Equivalent Energy Charge Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Equivalent full charge energy cycles, based on energy throughput (Wh) from 0% to 100% SoC, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current String Voltage
Equivalent Energy Discharge Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Equivalent full discharge energy cycles, based on energy throughput (Wh) from 100% to 0% SoC, tracked daily and cumulatively. Data Explorer String Current String Voltage
Cell Voltage Spread Voltage [V] Available when data connection established String Voltage difference between the highest and lowest cell voltage in a string, showing internal string imbalance. Performance - Imbalance Health System Monitor Data Explorer String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage
Module Temperature Spread Temperature [°C] Available when data connection established String Difference between the highest and lowest module temperatures within a string, showing thermal imbalance. Performance - Temperature Health System Monitor Data Explorer Reports String Max Module Temp String Min Module Temp
String Non-operational Status [-] Available when data connection established String A string is marked non-operational if it sees less than 0.01 equivalent full cycles while peer strings see more than 0.01 on the same day. Performance - Recoverable Energy System Monitor Reports String Current
String RTE RTE [%] Available when data connection established String Round-trip efficiency of an individual string, calculated from energy throughput. Data Explorer String Current String Min Cell Voltage String Temp
Inverter RTE RTE [%] Available when data connection established Inverter Round-trip efficiency of the inverter, calculated from inverter-level signals and energy throughput. Data Explorer Inverter Active Power System Active Power AND Inverter Current DC Inverter Voltage DC OR Inverter Power DC
Transformer RTE RTE [%] Available when data connection established Transformer Round-trip efficiency of the transformer, based on energy throughput. Data Explorer Inverter Active Power System Active Power AND Inverter Current DC Inverter Voltage DC OR Inverter Power DC
System RTE RTE [%] Available when data connection established System System-wide round-trip efficiency, aggregating values from string, inverter, and transformer levels. Warranty Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage String Temperature Inverter Active Power System Active Power AND Inverter Current DC Inverter Voltage DC OR Inverter Power DC
String Availability Availability [%] Available when data connection established String & System Reflects component availability based on disconnected strings. Warranty Data Explorer Reports String Current
PCS Module Availability Availability [%] Available when data connection established String & System Reflects component availability based on disconnected PCS modules. Warranty Data Explorer Reports String voltage PCS module DC voltage
Guaranteed Power Availability Availability [%] Available when data connection established PCS module, AC combiner & System Compares the available power with the guaranteed power. Warranty Data Explorer Available charge & discharge power\ \on the respective level
Requested Power Availability Availability [%] Available when data connection established PCS module, AC combiner & System Compares the delivered power with the requested power. Warranty Data Explorer Requested power\ Active power\ \on the respective level
Missed Requested Energy Availability [MWh] Available when data connection established PCS module, AC combiner & System Compares the delivered power with the requested power and quantifies the missed Energy. Warranty Data Explorer Requested power\ Active power\ \on the respective level
Total Usable Energy Energy [MWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) System Usable energy for daily operation, accounting for aging, recoverable energy, and missing data. Performance - Recoverable Energy Data Explorer Reports String Current String Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location String Temperature
Inverter Usable Energy Energy [MWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) Inverter Usable energy from one inverter for daily operation, considering aging, recoverable energy, and missing data. Performance - Recoverable Energy String Current String Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location String Temperature
String Usable Energy Energy [kWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Usable energy from a single string for daily operation, taking aging, imbalances, non-operation and weak cells into account. Performance - Recoverable Energy String Current String Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location String Temperature
Total Recoverable Energy Energy [MWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) System Recoverable energy on system level due to non-operational components, weak cells or imbalances. Performance - Recoverable Energy Reports String Current String Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location String Temperature
Inverter Recoverable Energy Energy [MWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) Inverter Recoverable energy on inverter level due to non-operational components, weak cells or imbalances. Performance - Recoverable Energy Energy String Current String Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location String Temperature
String Recoverable Energy Energy [kWh] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Recoverable energy on string level due to non-operation, weak cells or imbalances. Performance - Recoverable Energy String Current String Voltage String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location String Temperature
Depth of Discharge (DoD) Percentage [%] Available when data connection established String The daily maximum difference between the maximum and minimum State of Charge Warranty BMS SoC TWAICE SoC
String Penalty Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Cycle count meeting defined penalty conditions as specified in warranty contract, tracked daily and cumulatively. Warranty Data Explorer String Current Warranty-specific inputs
String Warranty-relevant Cycles (daily/ cumulative) Counter [-] Available when data connection established String Cycle count including penalty cycles, tracked daily and cumulatively. Warranty Data Explorer String Current Warranty-specific inputs
Weak Cell Detection Boolean [-] Operational data needed (1-30 cycles) String Identification of individual cells which are limiting the string performance Performance - Recoverable Energy String Max Cell Voltage String Min Cell Voltage String Min/ Max Cell ID or Location

 

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